ASTM E2998-25

1.1 This practice covers procedures and criteria for the analysis, identification, and classification of intact and partial smokeless powder grains recovered in explosives and firearms related investigations.

1.2 Intact or partial grains of smokeless powder can be identified by shape, perforations, color, texture, markers, and chemical composition (1-6).2

1.3 Smokeless powders are classified by their chemical composition as either single-, double-, or triple-base.

1.4 This practice is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (refer to Practice E2917 and Technical/Scientific Working Group for Fire and Explosion Analysis (T/SWGFEX): Suggested Guide for Explosives Analysis Training) and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.6 This standard involves handling of low explosives and potentially other energetic materials. It is strongly recommended that an analyst be trained in the storage and safe handling of energetic materials and be familiar with the properties and hazards of explosives.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.