IEEE 2748-2023

This recommended practice focuses on the configurations and schemes of fault diagnosis and protection corresponding to different grid operation modes, control patterns, equipment conditions, and reliability requirements in smart distribution network. With the development of information and communication technology (ICT ), there is diverse and abundant data in monitoring and control systems for the distribution network. And due to the connection of distributed energy resources (DERs) and electric vehicles, the distribution network becomes more diversified and complex. Considering different distribution network conditions and requirements, this recommended practice provides valuable practices relevant to the fault diagnosis and protection strategies including operation requirements, architecture of fault diagnosis and protection configuration, basic functions and technical indexes of software systems and hardware terminals, the realization modes of fault diagnosis and protection, relevant information exchange demand, and so forth. The fault types cover phase (three-phase and phase-to-phase) faults, ground (three-phase-to-ground, two-phase- to-ground, and single-phase-to-ground) faults and conductor-broken faults. This recommended practice applies to distribution systems from 6 kV to 20 kV.

In view of the fact that a single fault diagnosis and protection strategy cannot adapt to various configurations of smart distribution networks, an effective fault diagnosis and protection method should be able to adjust with changes of the monitoring and operating conditions, network topology, and reliability requirement of smart distribution networks. Therefore, schemes for fault diagnosis and protection according to the operation modes, control patterns, equipment conditions, and reliability requirements in smart distribution grids are needed. This recommended practice provides valuable experience for planners and operators in the matter of fault diagnosis and protection configuration. It is intended to provide preferred strategies of fault handling according to different grid situations and user requirements. The implementation of this recommended practice will help enhance security and the normative operation for smart distribution networks.

New IEEE Standard - Active. The fault diagnosis and protection schemes and application cases for smart distribution systems from ac 6 kV to 20 kV are provided by this recommended practice, covering security requirements, architectures, and configuration, as well as basic functions and technical indexes of software systems and hardware terminals and requirements of information exchange. Schemes provided in this document are adaptable to various operation modes, control patterns, equipment conditions, and reliability requirements of distribution systems. This recommended practice is mainly based on engineering practices in the voltage range of 6 kV to 20 kV. The proposed fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) schemes can also be used in the voltage range of 2.4 kV to 38 kV as specified in ANSI C84.1 after an evaluation of communication conditions and cost analysis. Phase (three-phase and phase-to-phase) faults, ground (three-phase-to-ground, two-phase-to-ground, and single-phase-to-ground) faults and conductor-broken faults are covered by the fault types. Changes and needs brought by the connection of distributed generators are considered, and schemes empowered by information and communication technologies are also introduced.