IEEE C57.169-2023

This document provides a guide for developing mathematical models and test procedures to determine the steady state maximum (hottest spot) and average winding temperature rise over ambient for liquid immersed distribution, power, network, and regulating transformers manufactured in accordance with IEEE C57.12.00.

This guide provides a basis for the transformer manufacturer and user to concur that a transformer meets the temperature requirements in C57.12.00. Those requirements state that the maximum winding temperature rise shall be determined by either direct measurement or calculations. This guide will describe the requirements for a manufacturer's test program or mathematical model to demonstrate compliance with those requirements.

Revision Standard - Active. Provides guidance for determining the hottest-spot temperature in distribution and power transformers built in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00-2000. Describes the important criteria to be evaluated by a thermal model that can accurately predict the hottest-spot temperatures in a transformer. Provides guidance for performing temperature-rise tests with direct measurement of the hottest-spot temperatures and explains the importance of developing an accurate thermal model to properly locate the temperature sensors.