PD ISO/TR 27921:2020
Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage. Cross Cutting Issues. CO<sub>2</sub> stream composition
Standard number: | PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 |
Pages: | 54 |
Released: | 2020-05-21 |
ISBN: | 978 0 580 98747 2 |
Status: | Standard |
PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 - Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transportation, and Geological Storage
Cross Cutting Issues: CO2 Stream Composition
In the ever-evolving landscape of environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation, the importance of carbon dioxide (CO2) management cannot be overstated. The PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 standard is a pivotal document that addresses the critical aspects of CO2 capture, transportation, and geological storage. This comprehensive standard delves into the cross-cutting issues associated with CO2 stream composition, providing invaluable insights and guidelines for industry professionals, researchers, and policymakers.
Key Features of PD ISO/TR 27921:2020
- Standard Number: PD ISO/TR 27921:2020
- Pages: 54
- Release Date: 21st May 2020
- ISBN: 978 0 580 98747 2
- Status: Standard
Comprehensive Coverage of CO2 Stream Composition
This standard provides a detailed examination of the composition of CO2 streams, which is a crucial factor in the effective capture, transportation, and storage of carbon dioxide. Understanding the composition of CO2 streams is essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and environmental integrity of carbon management processes. The document outlines the various components that may be present in CO2 streams, including potential impurities and their implications for storage and transportation.
Why is CO2 Stream Composition Important?
The composition of CO2 streams can significantly impact the performance and safety of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. Impurities in the CO2 stream can affect the physical and chemical properties of the gas, influencing its behavior during transportation and storage. This standard provides guidance on identifying and managing these impurities to optimize the CCS process and minimize risks.
Benefits of Implementing PD ISO/TR 27921:2020
By adhering to the guidelines set forth in this standard, organizations can achieve several benefits:
- Enhanced Safety: Proper understanding and management of CO2 stream composition reduce the risk of accidents and ensure the safe operation of CCS systems.
- Improved Efficiency: Optimizing the composition of CO2 streams can enhance the efficiency of capture and storage processes, leading to cost savings and increased operational effectiveness.
- Environmental Protection: By minimizing impurities and ensuring the integrity of storage sites, this standard helps protect the environment from potential leaks and contamination.
- Regulatory Compliance: Following the guidelines of PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 ensures compliance with international standards and regulations, facilitating smoother operations and reducing legal risks.
Who Should Use This Standard?
The PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 standard is an essential resource for a wide range of stakeholders involved in carbon management, including:
- Environmental Engineers and Scientists
- Energy and Utility Companies
- Government and Regulatory Bodies
- Research Institutions and Universities
- Consultants and Industry Experts
Conclusion
As the world continues to grapple with the challenges of climate change, the role of carbon capture, transportation, and storage becomes increasingly vital. The PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 standard provides a robust framework for understanding and managing the composition of CO2 streams, ensuring that these processes are conducted safely, efficiently, and in an environmentally responsible manner. By implementing the guidelines of this standard, organizations can contribute to a more sustainable future while reaping the benefits of improved operational performance and regulatory compliance.
For those committed to advancing carbon management technologies and practices, the PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 standard is an indispensable tool that offers both technical guidance and strategic insights.
PD ISO/TR 27921:2020
This standard PD ISO/TR 27921:2020 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage. Cross Cutting Issues. CO2 stream composition is classified in these ICS categories:
- 13.020.40 Pollution, pollution control and conservation
The primary aim of this document is to describe the main compositional characteristics of the CO2 stream downstream of the capture unit, taking into account common purification options. Accordingly, this document will characterize the different types of impurities and present examples of concentrations determined in recent capture pilot projects as well as through literature review. It identifies ranges of concentrations, giving priority to in situ measurements when available.
The second aim of this document is to identify potential impacts of impurities on all components of the CCS chain, from surface installations (including transport) to the storage complex. For example, impurities can have a significant effect on the phase behaviour of CO2 streams in relation to their concentration. Chemical effects also include the corrosion of metals. The composition of the CO2 stream can also influence the injectivity and the storage capacity, due to physical effects (such as density or viscosity changes) and geochemical reactions in the reservoir. In case of a leakage, toxic and ecotoxic effects of impurities contained in the leaking CO2 stream could also impact the environment surrounding the storage complex.
In order to ensure energy efficiency, proper operation of the whole CCS chain and not to affect its surrounding environment, operators usually limit the concentrations of some impurities, which can, in-turn, influence the design of the capture equipment and purification steps. Such limits are case specific and cannot be described in this report; however, some examples of CO2 stream specifications discussed in the literature are presented in Annex A.
The required purity of the CO2 stream delivered from the capture plant will to a large degree depend on the impurity levels that can be accepted and managed by the transport, injection and storage operations. The capture plant operators will therefore most probably need to purify the CO2 stream to comply with the required transport, injection, storage specifications or with legal requirements.
Monitoring of the CO2 stream composition plays an important role in the management of the entire CCS process. Methods of measuring the composition of the CO2 stream and in particular the concentrations of impurities are described and other parameters relevant for monitoring at the various steps of the CCS chain are described.
The interplay between the set CO2 stream specifications and the efficiency of the entire CCS process is also explained. Finally, the mixing of CO2 streams coming from different sources before transport or storage is addressed, and the main benefits, risks and operational constraints are presented.